J Edgar Hoover

In Washington DC Parents Anne Merle and Dickerson proportion vacuum-clean Sin filed until he was 43 Competed in debate team up (against women voting and the abolition of re main(prenominal)der penalty) Nicknamed speed (stutter) and was applauded by his cool and low logic Father suffered from mental illness and was institutionalized Instead of sympathizing Wasnt diversity o his father Couldnt bear imperfection least of incessantlyy last(predicate) in the humans around him especially those who he was closest besides Summers study Bachelor of Laws from George Washington University Law School in 1916 Masters ofLaw in same university 191 7 Early Work When he was 18 he accepted his first reflect an entry level position as messenger In the orders department In library of relation recreate lay In areas with access to Immense amounts of randomness This Job handy me In the value of collating material. It gave e an excellent foundation for my work in the FBI where it has been neces sary to collate tuition and shew J E. make clean shop assistant at Justice segment July 1917 vacuum-clean Joined Justice Department as a clerk on legal staff 1917 Wilson had precondition(p) the Justice Department authorization to apprehend and detain opposition aliens clean free from conscription with Job Put in charge of gathering in potpourriation of enemy aliens By late 1917 with spreading of Marxism due to Russian rotation vacuum-clean began monitoring radicals and communists who nutritioned Bolsheviks Library Job helped him In organizing Information He made sure he was valuable to the mint in a higher place him Sue Responded Character Puritanical He was a tyrant well-nigh other things. There was still a strong streak of the puritan in him Gentry Importance of a impregnable name touch on about good name (himself/DOS) In Washington, during the Harding Administration, the DOS had become know as he Department of Easy Virtue.After a age hoover simply said he work for the government Gentry consecrated professional Scrupulousness and loyalty to superiors Thermals and Cox hoover gave e genuinely licence of organism a dedicated professional Thermals and Cox clean convince St atomic number 53 of the parts Improved professionalism Thermals and Cox Hovers Attitude TO work Long hours esthetic Collected ever growing files Obsessed by files and how to exploit them Hovers testify genius was not in innovation just in recognizing good ideas and finding ways to implement them Theories and Cox Rise To Power nether rectitudeyer Generals A.Mitchell palmer 1919-1921 hoover appointed as special assistant to Attorney General General A Mitchell Palmer instructed Hoover to establish the General wisdom variance Aimed to crack d witness on the growing momentum of US radicals, socialists and communists arising from Russian revolution Known as radical division Core of anti communist crusades Collected incrimination teaching June 2nd 1919 Anarchists mailed explosives to 36 prominent business magnates following may day riots These were victoryful crossways 12 cities including Palmers theatre In response theDepartment of Justice decided on a massive round up of foreigners (32 cities) Hoover the Bureau of Investigations resident expert on aliens was put in charge Hoover was given carte balance by Palmer to bring the bombers to Justice and round up all radicals Hoover used his filing skills to record info, including hearsay, rumor and item on individuals on 450 000 index cards By October 1919 he had unruffled 60,000 names of mass who allegedly radical and potentially dangerous organizations He helped develop a card system on individuals and organizations and collected this information to scientifically study people who are radicals Responded 7th November 1919 was chosen witness for nationwide raids After arresting thousands of suspects, 249 radicals sent to Ellis Island for processing Deportees included 51 anarchists, 184 members of FOUR and 14 aliens Hoover and boss saw it as a resounding success for Justice Department of Justice handed 3000 vacuous warrants 2nd January 1920 Further raids took place and agents infra Hovers supervision entered homes and organizations Arrested over 10,000 people over 33 cities Raids saw many innocent people being treated terribly by agents (beaten, deprived f food, contained in abominable cells, forced false confessions) globe outcry Lawless acts of a wad senate condemned FBI had no place in immigration matters Theories Hoover wrote himself out Responded Hoovers files were very self protective as some(prenominal) as they are possible tools for aggression Claire Potter Harry M. Daugherty 1921-1924 He made himself indispensable to the refreshful lawyer general Gentry Had established carnal knowledgeional base of his own Hoover flooded Daugherty with memos and watchword on radical activities On twenty-second August 1921 the new director of the Bureau William J. Burns appointedHoover assistant antique and in charge of 346 investigators Harlan Fiske Stone 1924-1925 Herbert Hoover recommend hiring Edgar to run Bal Stone fade out KID and prohibited Bureau outfit tapping The activities of the bureau are to be limited strictly to investigations of violations of law Stone Stone treasured to reduce sizing of it of Bureau by hiring more(prenominal)(prenominal) professional agents Unlike Daugherty and Burns, Hoover gave any evidence of being a dedicated professional, which point had been repeatedly punctuate by Stone Theories December 1924 0 Stone ended his parapet and appointed him permanent erector A man of exceptional intelligence, alertness and decision maker ability Stone Why Hoover Remained in Power He belonged to no political party (never voted) He demonstrated loyalty to superiors He was extremely qualified for his role Director of the Bureau Re organization Hoover accept Job with certain conditions Bureau divorced from politics Promot ions only based on ability (not seniority or nepotism) Bureau was only responsible to lawyer general He came to an agency known for its apathy and corruption and modify it into the most sophisticated and best know investigatory agency in the world PhillipsHoover instructed by Stone for the Bureau to only investigate violations of federal law and to reduce staff by firing incompetents and only lire people with legal or accounting backgrounds Stone was impressed by Hovers industriousness and success in recruiting higher quality agents and imposing more rigorous standards of death penalty Theories Hoover imposed discipline and accountability through chain of involve Divided country in 53 unequal parts with status in each with special agent in charge (SAC) To de landmarkine compliance and Inspection Division was created Hoover created standardization of work practices Printed form for interview business relationships Dress code similar for all agents Agents became interchangeabl e occur of rules and instructions of Hovers Manual of Investigations Hoover modernizes National registry of finger prints grooming course for new agents (assisted with public image which was at all time low in 1924) In 1932 he opened the Bureaus first hatred lab Extensive filing system was used New powers 1934 Congress passed 9 cfrost bills now under federal Jurisdiction Agents could defend guns and make arrests Kidnapping made Federal Offence after Lindbergh casing 1933-34 CERN-en wave Frank NashKnown as most successful bank raider in USA during asss On 17th of June 1933 he was murdered on with 4 law enforcement agents in a mobs attempt to free him from his prisoner status Union Station, Kansas City Massacre George Machine Gun Kelly gangster in prohibition era Nicknamed for favorite weapon Most notable detestation was kidnapping businessman oil tycoon Rescuer in July 1933 and getting $200000 redeem Rescuer and Kelly both left considerable evidence for FBI investigation a nd he was arrested in Memphis on 26th September 1933 basin Dillinger Bank robber during depression era His gang robbed 24 banks and 4 patrol stations Escaped from Jail twice Charged however not convicted with murder of Indiana police officer Eventually tang by Purview men and Purview received mass amounts of publicity for this angering Hoover who pillowcaseually made him resign Charles pretty boy Floyd Bank robber His barbarous exploits gained a lot of media coverage in asses Killed by policeman begin of Kansas City Massacre Bonnie and Clyde Outlaws and bank robbers during depression era with their gang Their exploits caught attention of public About a dozen bank robberies but Clyde preferred smaller stores and petrol stationsGang killed police officers and several cultivatedians Ambushed and killed by police officer in 1934 Creepy Carpis Alvin Carpis was part of Carpis- pooch gang The gang were one of most notorious during the asses Killed anyone who got in their way even innocent bystanders dog-tired 26 years in Electoral Prison Ma Barker Mother of several criminals in barker gang Was killed in lodge out with FBI Hoover described her as the most vicious, dangerous and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade Lindbergh Case 20 calendar month old(a) toddler of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped from home n eastmost Mammal New Jersey on 1st of March 1932 everywhere 2 months later his body was found near the home death by electric chair Bal used their lab to compare ransom notes with Heptagons handwriting Bal conducted illegal searches on Heptagons home Used this case as example of their successes in modern scientific policing FBI Response The whole of the Bis main thrust was not investigation but public relations and propaganda to extol its director Sullivan Hoover chose to systematically eliminate the glorified gangsters who were defaming the government and its laws During the rime wave the public bean to understand the greater need for federal law enforcement to deal with localized crime issues This led to further acts get federal offences (see rising power) Hoover In The Media A comic percolate depicting Hoover was sanctioned by him, it reflected his venture into popular purification and the shift in the publics perception of federal police work Public becoming increasingly interested in Hovers private vivification (eating habits and home life) Hollywood interpreted Hoover in gangster film in 1935 and his FBI agents were known as government men or G-men 65 movies in 1935 made positive reference to FBIAll these movies, comics and radio from time demonstrated the US societies acceptance of the growing role of FBI and its positive role in shaping society Projected them as the good guys Reporters hyped up their image in praising articles Walter Trojan 0 spread writing with elements of high gang in FBI and wrote particularly about incompetence and negative aspects of Hoover and Bureau Role Of FBI Dung Ro osevelt Chosen attorney general was Homer cummings Cummings published a public enemies list that directed against crime wave Hoover left to own devices since Cummings didnt FBI under dishonor from conservatives 0 FBI associated with new deal and growing power of federal governments Investigated the Statesn Nazis and right-wing critics Hoover now welcomed Roosevelt initiative as providing formal chairwomanial authorization for radical investigations Theories FBI fatten uped tremendously in authority, Jurisdiction and size during Fads first 2 administrations Gentry In 1936 FED instructed Hoover to hold open him informed of all fascist and communists in USA (subversive activities) FED valued Hoover to discreetly provide this informationHoover used this to increase his surveillance and his tutelar Detention List people who should be rounded up in event of war By 1939 Hoover revived his General wisdom Division Hoover established a school to train linguists Secret intelligence Servic e Created in 1940 Collected information about German espionage activities in central and south America Censorship Arranged to suck all mail open from certain individuals Filed information for personal use (without president or attorney general knowing) The ZOOS and Donovan William Donovan appointed by FED to transport the Office of Coordinator of Information later named the Office of Strategic Services (ZOOS)) given(p) the power to gather information from foreign ZOOS reported directly to Roosevelt Hoover saw Donovan as threat to power so launched investigation in attempt to discredit him Hoover wanted to expand FBI Jurisdiction to be the only US intelligence agency in world Hoover lobbied for ZOOS to be disbanded after war FED wanted FBI and British Intelligence to have close relationship but Hoover found the British to support Donovan ZOOS eventually wound down but FBI didnt get to expand into foreign intelligence OtherWithin 72 hours of Pearl Harbor attack in December 1941 th e FBI arrested 4000 Japanese, German and Italian aliens Mass internment of more hence 70,000 Japanese American citizens The war helped his reputation as Americas Watchdog ever so alert and on guard Denned and Dixon Post War Hoover was more powerful than tan the presidents he served Painter Harry S Truman 1945-1953 (D) Didnt have good relationship Truman didnt want personal contact, only though attorney general or aide Truman fired Donovan and abolished ZOOS Consequently Hoover suggested expanding FBI overseas (Truman had no intention of his) Truman tried to cut back the FBI budget in 1946 and limit power White House leak Someone in white house leaked information to press about talks in the midst of Harry Hopkins and Stalin Truman turned to Hoover to discover culprit FBI set up series of wire taps Republican party had dictation of congress Truman barred congressmen from FBI files Hoover ignored ban and leaked information to congressmen who wanted to progress anti-communist cause (information acquired illegally) Communism and Spies Make America a great and by rights place to live in Hoover Hoover wanted to shew angers of communism and that Truman wasnt equipped Communism in reality is not a political party, it is a way of life, an evil and malignant way of life Hoover Hoover convinced there was a communist conspiracy to overthrow government Senator McCarthy Accused some of the most influential Americans of being communists if there is one communist in the state department, thats one too many McCarthy McCarthy used Hoover as a source of information to support accusations Hoover used McCarthy as tool to advance his regressive agendum McCarthy was getting out of control 0 began to Ritchie Eisenhower for being to soft on communists McCarthy revealed letter from army Hoover denied sending the letter Hoover ended McCarthy career whilst preserving own In 1954 Hoover complained to president that McCarthy was impending the Ibis investigations of communists 0 Hoo ver cut McCarthy off from any FBI support McCarthy fell chop-chop and the senate voted to sanction him Hoover didnt like him, because McCarthy had supplanted the FBI director as the nations chief enemy of communism Delilah Dwight D Eisenhower 1953-1961 (R) Good relationship He gave Hoover anything he could have wanted Powers Hoover sided with Eisenhower (5 star general in oval office) when McCarthy was hunting out communists in army mafia Denied organism of crime organization claiming they were disconnected groups which local police could deal with Mafia involved in gambling and horse racing which Hoover partook in It is believed his denial stemmed from mobsters (Costello) who gave him tips on fixed races No one would ever know how many raced I had to fix for that bastard Frank Costello Hoover was in our pocket, he was not someone we needed to fear redden Lombardi CONTINENTAL Counter intelligence program established 1956Aim to infiltrate and cut off activities of communist party in US Series of covert and a lot illegal projects conducted by FBI 85% of CONTINENTAL resources were used on infiltrating and disrupting pretend subversive groups Other 15% used on marshalling white loathe groups Directives issued by Hoover Methods used infiltration, psychological warfare, harassment, extra-legal force, illegal surveillance butt F Kennedy 1961-1963 (D) Kennedy reappoints Hoover as director Good relationship with Kennedy (long term relationship with father) Robert Kennedy was new Attorney General (boss) Tense relationship Bobby wanted to contend organized crime Hoover maintained there was no national crime syndicate Clashed in view of Afro-Americans and civil rights blackwash of JEFF Hoover called bobby to deliver news There is evidence that FBI had information on both Oswald and Jack Ruby which they failed to pass on to secret assistant or Warren commission Hoover logical some secern files in FBI Dallas office to be destroyed LB asked Hoover to complete re port Lyndon B Johnson 1963-1969 LB waved compulsory retirement age for Hoover the nation cannot pay to lose you LB Hoover was extremely loyal to LBFBI used to collect political information on Lbs. enemies and to disrupt activities of any groups LB saw as threats Hoovers softness to change with time was damaging Life magazine cover emperor of FBI Social Unrest Civil rights movements grew under Johnson and Hoover saw it as a threat to the American way of life he knew and love Denned and Dixon Hoover directed massive investigations of radical violence and he forestalled more violence by disrupting and destroying murderous Klan Powers Hoover used CONTINENTAL to fight these Martin Luther King Hoover installed illegal wire taps and had king under surveillance (revealed king paving an affair) King was the most notorious liar in the country Hoover As king rose in meridian as a black leader, the FBI increased surveillance Thats when Hoover starts playing not law enforcement but manipula tor of the societies processors Blakely Hoover initiated campaign to admonish people from associating with King Hoover forced to take case of blackwash in 1968 (largest manhunt FBI history) Richard M Nixon 1969-1974 Onions staff considered Hoover a tired old relic who lived entirely in the past Beardsley Series of leaks regarding North Vietnam 0 led to protests Nixon asked Hoover to find source of leak and gave information of suspects basal student groups taken over university and set off bombs FBI unable to control Source of tension between Hoover and Nixon 1971 a citizens commission of FBI skint in FBI office in Pennsylvania Stole hundreds of documents of surveillance and wire tapping of suspect groups Public outraged 0 senator Kennedy called for Hoover to resign Hoover dismantled CONTINENTAL and kept low profile Nixon asked Hoover to resign but Hoover refused Nixon froze out Hoover Death 2nd of may 1972 (77) White house immediately tried to find is private filesHis repositor y Helen Candy (1918-1972) hid them in her office then his basement, then destroyed Nixon delivered pean Significance and rating Bal instruction manual Bureau chain for moderate Personal efficiency records Fingerprint registry 1924 Centralization of fingerprints, famed FBI laboratory, scientific analysis Branded him as the father of modern day law enforcement Delilah Agent education 1928 Crime laboratory 1932 Hoover gave America on of the worlds greatest law-enforcement organizations Denned and Dixon FBI internationally respected for its competence and efficiency Painter FBI & Hoover In Media G-men Magazines Comics Hollywood Homosexuality?Finding the real Hoover small-minded known of real life Hoover had few friends Hoover ordered destruction of files 3 sets of files Official and undercover 0 contained derogatory information on private lives of presidents, congressmen, senators, government employees and famous people (only ones left) Personal and confidential Bureau files The is sue of whether or not Hoover and Tolstoy were intimate is not only superficial but a smokescreen to hide Hovers gain dereliction of duty and hostility to the deals he was sworn to protect Rosenberg Evaluation Super patriot Portrayed himself as patriotic hero rescue USA from gangsters, Nazis, communists, Klan Took credit for making FBI internationally recognized Questions of surveillance and hoax during dictatorship *Dover reflected the assets and liabilities that flow from one person having so much power Denned and Dixon The FBI Book Max Allentown 1850 Exposes FBI activities Includes claim Hoover was secretly aiding HUGH Hoover attempted to prevent publication and denied claims Had agents go to bookshops and ask not to deal out Got Journalists to write unfavorable reviews Commercial failure but useful for historians pallor Journalists in early ass claimed FBI was a kind of Gestapo Hoover world power have taken bribes from millionaires Some claimed Hoover ignored warning from B ritish about pearl harbor Hoover was a homosexual and a transvestites Was being blackmailed by the mafia Summers He became a symbol of violations of civil liberties and hostilities to civil rights, and that is a tragedy because there was great potential in that man Powers His legacy leaves a great deal to be high-minded of and a great deal to be ashamed of Powers