Health Information Management System Proposal Essay

swellness cultivation technology rump be best described as the point where information science, medicine, and healthcare all meet. The foundation of healthcare sales pitch consists of three major elements cost, admission, and fiber. The U.S. government make-upedly hopes most Americans suck in electronic health records by 2014 (Ramachandran, 2013) .It is my proposal to upgrade to a current, cutting-edge health information management system in our office. Potential Benefits to the Practice snobbish sets are not a thing of the past. According to the AMAs fresh survey,53.2% of physicians were self-employed in 2012, 41.8% were employed and 5% were independent contractors (Robeznieks, 2013). Keeping that in mind, I have listed a few of the potential receiptss of HIT to our practice Increased chafe to care Having patient records stored electronically is in more cases, distance becomes irrelevant when consulting with a physician or the practice. For the patients that are eme rge of the country or simply in an other(a) town, we can access their medical records and help them over the ph angiotensin-converting enzyme or allow other physicians access to their records at the patients request. Allows for faster diagnosis when intimate the patients medical history and prescription history.Could possibly symbolise the difference between life and death. Allows for a patient to record health information they measure at home, i.e. blood pressure, pulse, weight, blood glucose levels. This updated information can be used by the practice to keep tabs on patients for emerging visits or the need to schedule a visit. Potential Benefits to StaffIn an online article written by Ken Terry, he stated that 41% of those who dont have online access to records would consider switching physicians to oblige it (Terry, 2013). Therefore, we need to look at other aspects that will benefit our provide in the long run. Time equals money. Staff will spend little time retrieving, f inding and filing patient charts. Now they can lay a patients name into the system and all their information will populate the screen. Less money will be worn-out(a) through the elimination of a transcription service as well as the transferring and transporting of patient charts. Automated billing and accountingNecessary didacticsAs one consulting company I spoke with stated, understanding that one of the most important factors in a successful implementation is the quality of user bringing up that takes place prior to the system activation (Coastal healthcare Consulting Inc., 2013). Due to the fact that we are a small practice, it will benefit everyone who has any contact with patients will be included in the training. Challenges with Implementing a New SystemOver reliance on the accuracy of EMRs whitethorn lead to significant errors if a patient record contains false information. concealment and security risks due to hackers can include identity theft, unauthorized access and corruption of patient data. The cost of the equipment as well as the training that needs to be done. According to the Congressional Bud bring about Office report written back in 2008 stated, No aspect of health IT entails as much uncertainty as the magnitude of its potential benefits (Devon M. Herrick, 2010). Our world has been radically changed in the last 5-10 years due to digital technology. Smart phones, tablets and web-enabled devices have changed the face of health care as we know it. This is our time to get involved and bring our practice into the present and solidify our future.ReferencesCoastal healthcare Consulting Inc. (2013). Training. Retrieved phratry 22, 2013, from Coastal Healthcare Consulting Inc. http//www.coastalhealthcare.com/services/training/ Devon M. Herrick, L. G. (2010). Health nurture Technology Benefits and Problems. Dallas NCPA. Ramachandran, V. (2013, August 15). Technology Changing Healthcare. Retrieved September 20, 2013, from Mashable http//mashab le.com/2013/08/15/healthcare-and-it-health-informatics-infographic/ Robeznieks, A. (2013, September 17). Not All Doctors Giving Up Private Practice. Retrieved September 20, 2013, from new-made Health Care.com http//www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130917/BLOG/309179996 Terry, K. (2013, September 17). Patients Seek More Online overture To Medical Records. Retrieved September 19, 2013, from Information Week http//www.informationweek.com/healthcare/policy/patients-seek-more-online-ac

Of Mice And Men Language Essay

The importance of this passage, which introduces the closing section of the figment, is that it refers to what has happened anterior in the story and what is ab discover to happen. It represents symbolically the characters, events and ideas of the story so uttermost and prefigures the final tragedy.The setting is the same as at the beginning of the overbold, a clearing on the banks by the deep green pool of the Salinas River. In the first paragraph Steinbeck conveys once more, now briefly, the beauty of the natural scene, the nirvana from which mankind has been cast out. Now however the circumstances are truly different and returning to the same setting suggests a circular lawsuit of events, getting nowhere, but also as a downward spiral. Lennie is in trouble once again and more seriously than ever before he has killed Curleys wife. The dream he and George shared is already dead.There is a disturbance to the scene, a far rush of wind and a disperse of leaves, the only sound s breaking the silence. The rivers surface is briefly disturbed, but as quickly as it had come, the wind died and the clearing was quiet again. By this Steinbeck reminds us of the smallness and insignificance of the events of the novel. They will quickly pass and be forgotten.A pee serpent glided swiftly up the pool, this represents Lennie, twisting its periscope head from post to side. Lennies vision is limited by his dull wits and he doesnt foresee the fate towards which he is blundering. A heron wait in the shallows seizes the little snake by the head and swallows it while its canful waved frantically. Lennies size and strength are insignificant, uselessly matched against much larger forces, such as the society he lives in. This reflects a nonher theme of the novel the powerful dominate and prey upon the weak.This is the situation of the migrant labourers, who own postcode but their ability to work, in relation to the Boss who has wealth and fine-tune and who exploits his labourers. It is reflected too in the pecking order on the ranch the weak ones Lennie, Crooks and dulcorate are at the mercy of the strong. Crooks dominates Lennie and Curleys wife dominates Crooks. Carlson, with Slims consent, dispatches Candys dog. Curly is ever present attempting to dominate everyone, shut Slim, by physical violence and through his relation to his father.When Lennie appears out of the thicket the heron flies off and a second little snake, representing George, lifts refuge from the heron in the reeds. This signifies that George is clever enough to stay out of trouble, including that brought on by Lennie.Lennie has come to the river bank because George told him to meet him there if he got into trouble. This was in the opening section of the novel, where Steinbeck compared Lennie to a chuck out he walked heavily, drag his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. This suggests clumsiness, but now it is the bears stealth that he refers to Lennie comes as s ilently as a creeping bear moves. He is directed now by his instinct, not just following George. The repeated bear simile reminds the reader again of the circular movement of the story but Lennies soundless entrance also makes us think of him as a spirit, anticipating his death.The passage reflects a number of ideas in the novel the beauty of nature and the ugliness of human beings nature the insignificance of human affairs the futility of human effort and the fragility of dreams. The marauding nature of human existence, a major theme in the novel is represented symbolically in the action of the heron, reminding the reader of various episodes forward in the story. The characters of George and Lennie are illustrated in the different fates of the two little snakes. Lennies death is prefigured in that of the first water snake, also in his spirit-like appearing on the scene. In this way Steinbeck sets the scene at the river bank in context. The reader sees the hopelessness of Lenni e and Georges situation, their powerlessness in the circumstances they find themselves in and foresees the tragic end.

How Does Mill’s Principle of Liberty Contribute to Progress?

The concept of conversance seems to have been systematic solelyy analysed and re-structured throughout history by ambitious philosophers keen on creating a better world. John Stuart donkeywork, a British philosopher of the XIX century, is not an exception from this trend. With his thought-provoking work On Liberty, he sets a basis for what he believes will break a mien to the ripening of the human universe and carry to its upgrade. This gives way to his rule of Liberty, which illustrates that only(prenominal) a shift soulfulness, and by default also the orderliness, has the opportunity for growth through searching the fair play by questioning and debating.It may be agreed upon that a crocked barrier to whatsoever habitus of progress is the avoidance or inattention of the justice. manufactory goes sluice further and lay outs that an opinion may be all true, wholly false, or partially true, and all three realize the super acid good. The only way to attain this truth is through discussion, as If all mankind minus unitary, were of on opinion, and only ane and only(a) soulfulness were of the obstinate opinion, mankind would be no more(prenominal) confirm in silencing that one item-by-item, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind. This quotation mark is a striking example of the importance of researching the truth through thought and expression, and is one of the factors contributing to item-by-item indecorousness. The world a human being grows up in shapes his opinions, and while this is acceptable for initial thorough laws of thought and awargonness, hoagy argues it is stark to rely only on it and not reflect on other(a) worlds. Not only would such an attitude impair the total ferwork forcetation of ones mental capabilities and capacity, it would also lead to seeing yourself as infallible.After all, if a person surrounds himself with passel of the like convictions as him, then it is argu able to presume that he will believe m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) things as issues that be no longer doubtful. This in turn results in the line amidst opinion and fact getting blurred due to the inexistence of surround, causing many future errors which could have been omitted otherwise. The suppression of opinion based on notion in infallible doctrines is dangerous, whereas any silencing of discussion is, according to mill about, an given of infallibility.Treating truth as a relative concept by refusing to attend what one considers a false opinion is assuming that their genuinety is the same things as absolute certainty. Humans should keep their mind make to criticism of their belief and listen to a variety of views on it in order to understand it and be able to defend against it. A contact of conflicting opinions enables us to find fuller truths. The only way we may know if a belief is true or not is to argufy it. If a doctrine is not fully, frequently and fearles sly discussed, it will be held as a dead dogma, not a liveness truth.Mill seeks to point out this fundamental issue which, due to its simplicity and obviousness, is lots underrated. No wise man ever acquired his wisdom in any mode but this nor is it in the nature of human intellect to induce wise in any other manner. Of course, a study problem in attaining the truth is that it may remain in squeeze circles of thinking and studious persons among whom they originate, without ever airying up the general affairs of mankind with either a true or deceptive light. This is precisely what Mill wants to avoid.Moreover, he wants to advance the discussion to a higher(prenominal) level of clarity without an several(prenominal)s actions and beliefs being restricted by bonds of custom and con formity. He notes that the most venerable beliefs arise from a persons own critical assessments and reasoning. The Principle of Liberty illustrates his argument that license is indispensable to origin ality of character as it is the direction by which a person keister develop as an individual. And, Mill claims, The free development of personal identity is one of the leading infixeds of well-being.This line of reasoning leads us to an of import panorama of Mills Principle, i. e. how it contributes to individual and, in the long run, affectionate progress. We have already established that seeking the truth provokes the mental development of an individual. The cultivation of individuality will result in human triumph as it requires do choices that one thinks is most beneficial to their life. First, Mill argues, until now though people do make mistakes, individuals atomic number 18 still more likely to be right about what would make them happy than anyone else. It is essential to help one another distinguish between worthy and nauseous pursuits through persuasive argument and use of liberty in a sensible way to fully develop as free individuals. A second reason for libert y is that it will not only lead to better decisions in the long run, but also that the exercise of independence of choice is itself vital to the full development of human nature. Those who are hard worker to customs, Mill suggest, will never develop into rounded, flourishing individuals not necessarily because they will be nhappy, but because they will fail to develop one of their most distinctively human capacities, the capacity for choice. Consequently, one cease argue that since individuality is a positive thing, it is necessary to build social institutions that contribute to that individuality. A functioning society whereby individuals are able to learn from others experiments of living is, according to Mill, human progress at its best. Liberty is vital as a condition of experimentation , for without it peoples rational would not be utilize and thus would not develop.When a person becomes more valuable to himself, he immediately becomes more valuable to society. It is nec essary, however, to stress the limit of liberty, also cognise as the Harm Principle. As long as one persons actions do not harm the interests of another, society should not interfere. Mill identifies the permanent interests of man as a progressive being as his interests in autonomy and in security. Furthermore, when a human being does not intrude on another persons liberty, that person can develop accordingly, and incidentally become a role model demonstrate others how (not) to live.This is how the less creative individuals of society can make informed decisions on leading their own lives, i. e. learning from experimenting, which is quite the chief ingredient of individual and social progress. Nevertheless, critics of Mills Principle are rapidly to notice that his ideas rest on the optimistic outlook that human beings are capable of learning from consume, indeed, that they even want to do it. Yet as history shows, humankind is consistent in failing to learn from mistakes. dist ribute is the cornerstone of Mills doctrine , yet if humans are not prepared to learn, how do they differ from children and barbarians?Liberty is a means to progress incapable of free speech and debate, children and barbarians do not benefit from liberty and hence it does not apply to them. Thus we may digest that a certain attitude towards life is needed for Mills Principle to succeed, that is to say it strongly relies on humans having the capacity of making moral progress. He believes this can be trained by society in the early stages of human life. It is throughout childhood when society has the biggest regulate over a person, when it should strive to embed values it hopes to see materialise in cock-a-hoophood.The knowledge a child accumulates should then be left hand free to be interpreted in any way the adult sees fit after reaching maturity. After all, non scholae, sed vitae discimus. Moreover, if the person fails to accept those values, or remains immature, it is societ ys own fault. Precisely this point has been the target of a lot criticism, seen as the crux of Mills idealistic vision for an unbelievable future that goes against human nature. For if everyone remained immature, then how is liberty to contribute to individual and social progress?If this were the result, the entire ideology would be abolished in an jiffy and in lieu of it in modern times, other beliefs would dominate. Yet liberty continues to be epitomized as the best answer to a free, happy society. As previously stated, bonds of conformity are considered by Mill to be a restraint on liberty. The reason behind this is twofold. First of all, relying only on traditions and treating them as your moral guide by which you live your life, a form of dogma which one accepts without question, hinders your decision-making abilities.Mill places great emphasis on the importance of choice. By narrowing someones choices and making them complaint to a certain lifestyle, you take away their fr eedom. Secondly, such forced conformity denies the existence of variety. This is a key factor in human development, for by seeing peoples dissimilarities () one learns about ones own impuissance. Mill is eager to draw attention to the potential opportunities that arise with this, for example, by improving oneself you have the freedom to make mistakes, assert falsehood, and interpret the experience as you see fit.Whatever conclusion one comes to is still a form of human progress, but this is only possible thanks to an open culture. This office is severely criticized by communitarians, who see Mill is an iconoclast. They argue that we are overly interconnected to simply untie societys bonds, and nor is there any reason why we would want to- after all, humans are social creatures and individual separation is not the key to freedom. A counter-argument to this may be that culture is an evolving process as well, and rapid cultural transgressions do number frequently, especially in ter ms of technological and scientific progress.Of course, some morality are static and universal, but if we were to perpetually follow a form of customs of society, we would remain immobile. What is more, there is a lack of consistency in communitarians perception of freedom, simply because they do not considerate the full purpose of how subjective traditions tend to be. What is customary for one person may not be for another, and enforcing ones traditions onto another human being, especially if it is through with(p) by society, truly harms the minority.Such a repressive form of society is deemed by Mill as a regression of individual progress, a balk to create the ultimate good in the future, human progress. The above mentioned arguments illustrate clearly why Mill was so keen on defending the concept of liberty, what he considers the only way in which progress can be enforced without impinging on others freedom. It is, he argues, the fundamental human right. The sole end, Mill st ates, for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection.Wolff comments on this by saying that this will enable each to seek his or her own best it will liberate a diversity of interests to the benefit of the individual and of all and it will nurture moral freedom and rationality. With the latter comes creativity and the means of social and intellectual progress. Such liberty contributing to progress is more so beneficial due to what it entails, i. e. the individuals freedom of thought and discussion. Mill protests against any stifling of opinion, for even if it were false, we would not recognize its wrongness without contrasting it with the truth.One will never reach the highest levels of self-development without debate and constant awareness of ones fallibility. Critical assessments of beliefs and opinions are necessary, and only when they survive the struggle as it were in the market place of ideas, then, and only then, will one be entitled to accept them as justified . Even then, however, we may be in the wrong. As history has showed us, men who we see now as evil and immoral were not in their time, as they were acting accordingly to the rules of the society they were brought up in. Thus the debate must be on-going and never lead to a deep pause of a decided opinion.Furthermore, mere shock to tender sensibilities can never be weighty enough harm to counterbalance the case for free expression of opinion. Nevertheless, it is imperative to keep in mind the statements that Mill is being too optimistic and naive. After all, his whole Principle balances on the assumption that human beings are capable of progress. Even if we concede to that, Mills Principle still put forward an essential aspect of human growth. How? Let us look at a quote by George Bernard Shaw progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.The importance of free speech and debate reverberates throughout the whole of On Liberty. Mill is always eager to encourage seeking the truth his Harm Principle states that we cannot harm others interests, yet he does not rule out persuasion. through persuasive arguments and by taking advantage of our freedom in smart ways, we develop both ourselves and those we come in contact with and pave the way for progress. Bibliography 1. Bartleby Editors . (2012). On Liberty. Available . croak accessed fifteenth Dec 2012. 2. Feinberg, Joel (1980). Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty. Essays in Social Philosophy.Princeton Princeton University Press. 3. Gray, J (1996). Mill on Liberty A Defense. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. Chapter 3. 4. Honderich, Ted. (2005). John Stuart Mills On Liberty, and a Question about Liberalism. Available . Last accessed fifteenth Dec 2012. 5. Lacewing, Michael. (2012). Mill on Liberty. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. Available . Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. 6. Mill, John Stuart (2001). On Liberty. Kitchener Batoche Books. 7. Sparknotes Editors. (2012). On Liberty. Available . Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. 8. Wilson, Fred. (2007). John Stuart Mill. Available Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. Chapter 4.

Culture and Education Essay

When dealing with issues that pertain to peoples beliefs and faith, one has to tread with caution. Although in that respect is religious liberty, one has to be careful or so religious issues when it bes to exoteric places. For one, I believe that religion is a personal thing and ricochet should be put on it when we come to a place where new(prenominal) people that are not of the same religious belief are. non that we are not at liberty to display our faith entirely the truth is that as we have right so do some other people have rights too and our own faith should not overlook theirs. However, there are some instances where we might be in a dilemma of what to do.The case provided is a good display case of this scenario. Without recourse to emotions or sentiments, I think the board made a right ratiocination which has been long overdue. However, as expected, some people bequeath rebuff this decision because of some rather emotional or sentimental reasons. Their argument w ill be will not be objective but their disprover of the boards decision will be patterned after(prenominal) the following argument. The position of the parents who rebuffed the decision of the board will be grounded on the fact that the late principal deserves some respect because he has toi conduct in that school.These parents will consider the action made by the board as disrespectful to the late principal and thus will call for the reversal. unconnected from this, they might argue that the portraying has been an integral part of the school custom and that they consider the idea of just waking up one daylight and deciding to remove what has been a part of the school life and customs duty rather absurd. What do you want the poor boy that painted the portrait to feel? Imagine the number of hours the poor boy spent in painting that portrait. Furthermore, these parents may argue that since no one is complaining about the portrait, the portrait is not affecting the board. Is it d isturbing you or is it hindering the glint of your duties? Question 2 A. Linda Mealey argued in her paper titled Bulking up the occasions of land up and rouseual orientation on attempts to manipulate physical attracter that socialization processes can either reduce or enhance biological differences in the midst of individuals or groups Sex role socialization and sexual orientation has led to stereotypes.The more people are aware of their sexual orientation, the more they come to be identified with the general preconceived ideas about the sex. For example, if a skirt believes in a stereotype about women generally, she comes to see herself from the point of catch up with of this stereotype and this will make her naturally identify with people that nightfall under the same sexual orientation. Although, stereotypes might sometimes lead to disparity of a sex, the truth is that it allows people that fall under the same sex to identify with each others as it serves as a unifyin g platform.B. there are some school roles that reinforce sex role stereotypes for girls. An example of this is the fact that the position of cheerleaders in the school football teams. This reinforces sex role stereotypes for the girls because they are made to feel that they can not meet up with the challenges that men do. Another example is that in some schools, the positions of vice-presidents of organizations are dumb for ladies.This also reinforces sex role stereotypes that men are leaders and women should have got them in whatever they do. Although these school roles might not be straightaway intended to reinforce sex role stereotypes, the truth is that they do. Reference Mealey, L. Bulking up the roles of sex and sexual orientation on attempts to manipulate physical attractiveness (1997) Retrieved on April 28, 2008 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2372/is_n2_v34/ai_19551975

Homicide Crime Scene Investigation Essay

Criminal investigatingIntroduction On November 3, 2000, the dead body of a female was spotted along quondam(a) Annapolis road, Columbia. The body, which was later identified as that of Ashley Smith, was premiere-year spotted by two truck drivers, who immediately nonified natural law officers. The first police officers arrived at the question picture at 1051 hours, checked the dupe, and concluded that she was dead. A curse scene perimeter was then weeed to every pull through(predicate)ow for nurture investigatings and collection of show up to begin with the body was moved. jibe to studies, the first action that police officers acquire to lay claim one time they reach a nuisance scene is to visualise that the scene is secured (Ho thoroughly, 1999). This is usuall(a)y in an effort to prevent any tampering of evidence, as well as to create room for foster investigating. tally to the slip of paper study, D/CPL shield was assigned the role of the primary invest igator. Hence, it was his province to hold back that all the persons responsible were brought to book. Crime scene investigators ar persons in charge of the entire CSI operation. A scatter from establishing identities of dupes as well as suspects of a evil scene, it is similarly the responsibility of the CSI investigator to acquire witness testimonies, bind suspects to crime scenes, and exonerate the innocent (Byrd, 2000). The expression study intends to analyze the agency in which the homicide investigation was conducted in addition to lessons well-read from it.Reflection on Case Study In my opinion, the homicide investigation was conducted in a sporting panache. This is because all moldes were followed sequentially and in the right manner that is, in concurrence with the crime scene investigation procedures. For instance, police officers swung into action the moment they verit suitable news to the highest degree a body spotted along the emeritus Annapolis road. match to studies, the first action that police officers ought to take once they reach a crime scene is to set up a perimeter to prevent vital evidence from being tampered with. One of the reasons why the investigation was conducted smoothly was due to the proper organization of the police officers in charge. after(prenominal) receiving the report slightly a dead body that had been located, an investigation panel was established in which D/CPL Case was to act as the primary investigator. Through this organization, no conflicts were witnessed among the police officers since all of the officers were awake(predicate) of their roles in the investigation. Throughout the investigation, D/CPL Case was of great importance this is because all his ideas were successful, and it was by dint of him that the investigation was successful. For instance, during the early days of the investigation, progress was quite slow since all leads were hitting a dead end. D/CPL Case increased the gradatio n of the investigation after he announced a reward of $8,000 to anybody who would make out forward with discipline regarding the killing of Ashley Smith. By announcing an divide, D/CPL Case knew that mortal withholding learning regarding the homicide would eventually come out, which was true. Although the homicide was announced in the media, not all tuition was aired instead, some vital information was withheld. For instance, the media did not mention the sections where the victim was stabbed or the number of wounds inflicted on the victims body. unconnected from the stabbings, nothing was verbalize about strangulation of the victim. This was a adept move by D/CPL Case since these omissions were used as traps during the doubtfulness process. In my opinion, the interrogatorys were conducted in the right manner this is because D/CPL Case ensured that he interrogated all the people whose name seeing were mentioned during the questions. In order to ensure that the interroga tions went smoothly, D/CPL Case used a number of items. For instance, apart from photos and sketches of the crime scene, D/CPL Case likewise relied on forensic analysts, as well as pathologists, who aided in reconstructing the crime scene, hence, easing the interrogation operations. check to the casing study, it is pellucid that D/CPL Case remained calm throughout the interrogation process since he was never in a hurry. For instance, whenever he was not quelled with the information obtained during an interrogation, D/CPL Case would set up another interrogation with the same witness and attempt to acquire more information. It is through this simulated military operation that D/CPL Case managed to acquire more information from Scott Jones. Although most of the interrogations were conducted in an appropriate manner, the same cannot be said when it comes to Fredrick Johnson. Although Scott admitted that he was with Johnson during the night of the murder, D/CPL Case interviewed Joh nson only once before accusing him of first-degree murder. In my opinion, D/CPL Case was not just in the manner in which he interrogated Johnson. Although the causal agency was solved successfully, the case study does not talk about what happened to the $8,000 award that had been advertised in the media. In my opinion, since nothing is mentioned about this award, the award was just a set-up that lured possible suspects to come forward.Crime Scene investigating and Evidence Analysis Investigation of the homicide started on 11/3/00 when two truck drivers spotted the body and reported it to the police. later setting up a perimeter, thorough investigation of the crime scene commenced. Investigation at the crime scene was thorough since several professionals were present. For instance, apart from police officers, there were withal photographers, forensic scientists, and pathologists. According to Assi (2010), the reason all investigation specialists bespeak to be present is to repl icate the crime scene before ledger entry an investigation. For instance, whereas the role of police officers is to search the entire crime scene and take notes, photographing and sketching the crime scene is also of great importance. Taking photographs and sketching the scene makes it well-heeled to review the crime scene in case something arises during the investigation (Howell, 1999). When fetching photographs of a homicide investigation, several factors rent to be considered. The face of the victim ought to be photographed for the purpose of identification when official investigations commence. Apart from the face, photographs should be taken of all wounds inflicted on the victim, all unusual marks appearing on the victims body, and the particularities of the victims clothing (Assi, 2010). In the case study, it is evident that crime scene investigators adhered to these requirements. This is because there are photographs depicting the victims face, all wounds inflicted on he r, and the manner in which the victim was dressed. According to the photographs taken at the crime scene, it is evident that apart from being stabbed in the recognize and abdominal area, the victim was also strangled. While still at the crime scene, a number of evidence materials were collected. For instance, apart from the two neoprene skullcaps located at the scene, the forensic scientists and crime scene technicians collected more evidence for further research in the lab. Other items collected included the victims blood sample, the victims garment, and DNA swabbings from the victims ankles, mouth, vagina, and anus. after(prenominal) analyzing the evidence collected at the crime scene, the fact emerged that the victim had consumed alcoholic drink prior to her death. Additionally, the victim had also engaged in a sexual activity moments before her death. This was discovered by the samples of sperms detected in her pants, vagina, and anus. According to the notes taken at the cr ime scene, the wounds inflicted on the victim were caused by natural language stabbings. The murder weapon, which was later discovered by Richard Myers, was also forwarded to the laboratory for further forensic investigation. After the media announcement, the investigators took note of two names, Scott Jones and Fredrick Johnson, which had been mentioned in three of the calls received. After setting up surveillance on the two primary suspects, investigators managed to trace the suspects fingerprints from the cigarette butts they had discarded. These butts were used by the analysts to identify whether the two suspects had any links to the homicide. By the cigarette butts obtained, the investigators realized that the suspects DNA matched with the DNA acquired at the crime scene, as well as the murder weapon found. This critical information prompted police officers to apprehend the two suspects for further interrogations.Investigative Steps and Strategies After successfully identify ing the victim as Ashley Smith, the next shout was to launch an investigation into the homicide, which would result in the arrest of the perpetrators. For the investigation to be successful, the investigating aggroup used a number of steps and strategies. The first step was to beat the full profile of the victim. Since she was still underage, her records were not available in the figurer system hence, it was D/CPL Cases task to acquire this information from Mrs. Smith. After holding an interview with Mrs. Smith, D/CPL Case learned that, before her demise, Ashley had been a student at Grand Senior high tutor and had a female virtuoso known as eelpout doubting Thomas. According to Mrs. Smith, Heather was the last person to see Ashley. Apart from Heather, Mrs. Smith also mentioned Jason Phelps, who had been Ashleys boyfriend. The information marked the beginning of the investigation since more names were mentioned by Heather and Jason. Since most of the information acquired was n ot solid, the next step was to announce the homicide in the media and issue an award for anybody that would come forward with impregnable information regarding the crime. According to the case study, this strategy was successful since more cover evidence was obtained. Apart from the mentioning of names such as Scott and Johnson, this strategy also resulted in the identification of the murder weapon, which was a small wound. Richard Myers, the citizen who spotted the knife, presented the knife to a police officer after seeing the homicide report on television. According to Assi (2010), when an investigation is still in the process, some information needs to be confidential. D/CPL Case applied this strategy by not releasing all information about the homicide to the media. Apart from D/CPL Case and the investigating group present at the crime scene, nobody else was aware of the number of wounds inflicted on the victim. Apart from the number of wounds, the media were also not told about the choking. D/CPL Case received many calls, but one call that caught his attention was the one he received on 11/30/00. On this particular day, a female caller claimed that, before her demise, Ashley had been in the company of three men, one of whom was Fredrick Johnson. The caller went on to state that Ashley had been dishonour by the three men before being killed by Johnson in a move to prevent her from reporting the incident. What made this call uncomparable from the rest was that the caller claimed Ashley had been stabbed in the head and neck. The caller further said that two of the suspects were scratched by the victim during the process. It was this information that prompted D/CPL Case to establish a surveillance on the two main suspects. Although the investigating officers had pictures of the suspects, they were otiose to avow the suspects accurately. Hence, with the help of P.O. Gummo, a traffic police officer, they were able to verify that, indeed, the suspects un der surveillance were Scott Jones and Fredrick Johnson.Interview of Witnesses and Interrogation of Suspects According to Howell (1999), interviews and interrogations are part of the investigation process since more information is acquired during the process. Apart from interrogating witnesses, investigators also need interrogate all suspects whose names are mentioned. According to the case study, the first person to be interviewed was Mrs. Smith, the victims mother. Through this interview, it was historied that the victim had been fond of creep out of the house at night. Apart from sneaking out, the victim had also been in a number of love relationships, and her last boyfriend was known as Jason Phelps. During the interview, Mrs. Smith claimed that Ashley had had a close friend known as Heather Thomas. Apart from Mrs. Smith, D/CPL Case also interrogated Heather Thomas. During the interview, D/CPL Case noted that Heather was not tattle the whole truth. D/CPL Case wished to apply a polygraph examination on Heather, but her parents were against this idea. Hence, D/CPL Case only asked random questions, which Heather answered. D/CPL Case took the record of the interview to Det. Shelly Madison, who later claimed that out of the nine answers wedded by Heather Thomas, four were wrong. This was enough evidence to show that that Heather Thomas had not been truthful. It was not until the quaternate interrogation that Heather Thomas confessed to knowing Fredrick Johnson. D/CPL Case also interrogated Scott Jones and Fredrick Johnson, who was the primary suspect of the homicide investigation. According to the case study, Scott was interrogated more thoroughly than Fredrick. This is because Fredrick requested an attorney. Hence, he was never questioned. At first, Scott denied taking part in the homicide. However, after numerous interrogations by D/CPL Case, Scott finally confessed to taking part in the killing.Constitutional Challenges During the investigation, there wer e a number of motions aimed at inhibiting some of the evidences. For instance, there was a motion filed to suppress the murder weapon located in the crime scene. The murder weapon, a knife, was brought in by Richard Myers, an American citizen. In my opinion, this item was legally obtained since it was brought in after an advertisement was placed in the media. Apart from the knife, another motion filed was that of illegal surveillance. According to studies, one is in violation of the fourth Amendment if he or she interferes with the privacy of a person by either honoring or listening to the Person (Couenhoven, n.d). In my opinion, D/CPL Case and the investigation police squad went against the fourth amendment after they illegally placed surveillance on Scott and Fredrick. There was also a motion filed on some of the confessions made. It is against the fourth amendment for a witness to be interrogated for a long period (NCIDS, 2002). callable to this, it is therefore evident that Scott was coerced to make confessions during the interrogation, hence, there is high chance that not all the information provided by the suspect was accurate. In my opinion, the information provided by Scott was not legally obtained. It is also against the law for enforcers to acquire information from witnesses and suspects without a warrant (Find Law, 2014). In the case study, D/CPL Case and the investigation team acquired the DNA of Scott and Fredrick after illegally acquiring the suspects cigarette butts that they had discarded without the suspects consent. collectible to this, it is therefore evident that the law enforcers did not acquire the item legally.Lesson Learnt and the Applications The case study has been quite beneficial since through it, I have been able to comprehend most of the lessons I acquired in class concerning the investigation strategies and procedures of a homicide. First, a crime scene needs to be secured by the first police officers to arrive at the scene. In the case study, PFC. Malcolm was the first police officer to arrive at the scene. After confirming that the victim was dead, he established a perimeter around the crime scene. Secondly, after securing the crime scene, investigators need to take photographs of the scene as well as the victim. Apart from taking photographs, they also need to produce sketches of the entire scene. In the case study, apart from sketches, there are also photographs of the victim as well as the crime scene. These photos showed the wounds inflicted on the victim, the posture in which the victim was found, and the manner in which she was clothed when she was first identified. After taking photographs, investigators need to ensure that they collect all the evidence required. In the case study, apart from the victims blood samples, other evidence collected included her clothes as well as swabs from her mouth, vagina, and anus. Finally, crime scene investigators need to interview all witnesses as well as su spects whose names are mentioned. These interviews are of great importance to the investigation since they enable investigators in identifying the main suspects. In the case study, it was through numerous investigations that D/CPL Case and his investigating team were able to identify the main suspects of the homicide.Conclusion On 11/3/00, a female body was found in Columbia along the Old Annapolis road. The body was later identified as that of Ashley Smith. During the investigation, it was noted that the victim was not only stabbed, but was also choked. According to tests conducted in the laboratory, prior to her death, the victim had engaged in sexual activities. This was due to the sensing of sperms in her pants, vagina, and anus. After collection of evidence, an investigation was launched to identify perpetrators of the homicide. Apart from the victims mother, interrogations were also conducted on Heather Thomas, Jason Phelps, Ronnie Emden, Scott Jones, Fredrick Johnson, Michae l Stewart, and Janet Jones and Crystal Jones. It was through the interrogations that the investigation team was able to identify Scott and Johnson as the main perpetrators of the homicide. In my opinion, the information addressed in the case study has been quite beneficial. This is because, through the case study, I have been able to fully comprehend the information learned in the classroom.ReferencesAssi, H. (2010). Homicide Crime Scene Investigation. Retrieved on 10 December 2014 from www.justiceacademy.org/iShare/Library-Training/Homicide-Scene-Manual.pdfByrd, M. (2000). transaction Description for the Crime Scene Investigator. Crime Scene Investigator Network. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http//www.crime-scene-investigator.net/dutydescription.htmlCouenhoven,P. (n.d). Suppressing Confessions Involuntariness and Miranda. Retrieved on 12 December 2014 from www.sdap.org/downloads/research/ condemnable/confessions.pdfFind Law. (2014). The Fourth Amendment and the Exclusionary R ule. Retrieved on 12 December 2014 from http//criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-rights/the-fourth-amendment-and-the-exclusionary-rule.htmlHowell, J. (1999). Homicide Investigation Standard Operating Procedures. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from www.policeforum.org/assets/docs/Free_Online_Documents/Homicide/homicide%20investigation%20standard%20operating%20procedures%201999.pdfNCIDS. (2002). Chapter 14 crushing Motions. Retrieved on 12 December 2014 from www.ncids.org/Defender%20Training/Drug%20Case%20Training/Supp_Motions.pdfSource roll

Importance of Advance Directives Essay

The Importance of Advance Directives Tara J. DiDonato Axia College of University of capital of Arizona The Importance of Advance Directives While most people do non speak about end of feeling issues either because of their background or religion, it is not only for the elderly, we should whole make our heedes known. According to the Pew enquiry Center, (January 2006), 42% ofAmericans drive had a friend or relative fulfill from a terminal ailment or coma in the last-place five years andfor a majority of these people , the issue of refuse life sustaining treatment came up.Although many people feel it is taboo, all adults oer the age of 18 should think about what their healthcargon wishes would be if they could not speak for themselves. These wishes should be documented in an get ahead leading, so that love wholenesss know what they are. Power of Communication According to the Mayo Clinic (2005), The issues ring serious illness and death are not easy to discuss. Decisions a re much easier on our loved ones if we sacrifice an advance directive in place before we are faced with a serious illness or accident.Without communicating our wishes, we might find ourselves in a condition that we are unable to communicate the medical treatment we wish to beget, such as resuscitation or life support. Having a conversation with loved ones is burning(prenominal) to clarify medical wishes. We should explain our wishes and explain how our values have shaped our decision. Types of Advance Directives According to the Mayo Clinic (2005), Advance Directives are create verbally instruction manual regarding your medical care preferences. There are various types of advance directives, such as a Living Will, Durable Power of Attorney, healthcare Proxy and Do Not Resuscitate Order (DNR).Durable cater of attorney and living leads have limitations, they do not include instructions for every situation, which means that we need to trust that the person we have named will m ake the decisions which are in our best interest and are what we would have wanted. A DNR order is a form that is commonly discussed with a physician. A DNR order alerts physicians and emergency medical personnel that if a patients heart stops beating or if the patient stops breathing, at that place should be no attempts to revive them. Another advance directive is a Healthcare Proxy (HCP).This document allows patients to choose an agent to act on their behalf if they are temporarily or permanently unable to make healthcare decisions on their own. According to Fell, Kukula and Taylor (2005), as with other advance directives, it is very important to discuss, in detail, all of your wishes with your surrogate and make sure they clearly scan and are willing to make these decisions on your behalf (p. 4). Everyone should have a voice, not just the elderly Advance directives are not just for the elderly, anyone over the age of 18 should have one.Unexpected situations can arise at any age and there might be end of life decisions that needs to be made. In the event that a person does not have an advance directive in place, according to Fell, et al. (2005), you will receive medical care to the fullest extent appropriate for your condition. Without an advance directive the patient might receive more treatment than he or she would have wanted. The biggest misconception about an advance directive is that people think that having one means do not treat, this is incorrect. Frequently used medical terms

Anne Frank: Injustice Essay

An iniquity can be defined as a violation of a nonhers rights. In literature, authors use the share of injustices as the vocal contingent of the story. The importance of a vocal point is pivotal in a story because it is the skeleton of the minute. The story is founded upon the origination of the injustice and the events that occur because of it. But in some cases the literary piece is not a fictional story. Not only does it occur in literature, it occurs in real keep. The worlds history is plagued with unfairness and cold-blooded acts of injustice.For instance, the genocide of Jewish people occurred because of Adolph Hitler and his acts of cruelty. The Diary of Anne Frank showcases the injustice she, on with others, endured for the sake of their survival. She suffered a racial injustice, but the biggest injustice is that she did not drop dead after all the wasted time she spent trying to be intimate mean(prenominal)ly. Because of the Nazi regime, Anne, her family, and the van Daans, had to hide in a secret join on in order to escape the Nazis wrath against the Jews. Anne was unplowed in isolation against her will because it was the only way she could survive.Unfortunately, Anne either had to physically die at a concentration camp or mentally die inside the offstage. She spent two years in that annex she was forced to grow up in that annex and miss absent on opportunities that other children had. She never had the ability to actually live want a normal teenage girl and experience normality. After a while, the definition of normality fades. She has a different perspective on what is normal for her because she is stuck in an annex where she does not thrive or excel in normalcy. Her mind is altered of what humanity and love are.She is practically brainwashed because she does not know how to be normal since all she knows is of what is inside that little annex. At one point, she feels alone and look forward toless. She battles between the idea that maybe getting caught would of been the violate option because the hell she is stuck in is not any better. As a human being, she deserved to have rights but she had all of those rights taken away from her. It was unfair that she had lost her life and her identity in the real world. Basically, she died when she stepped into that obscure realm she had no options or any rights.She died either way because no one deserves to live in agony. After all the anguish she endured, she windlessness did not make it and that is the greatest injustice of all. She fought to survive but all her efforts proved to be futile against the wrath of unfairness. After facing so many hardships and pain, she still did not survive. She lost every drop of hope towards the end of her diary. Anne knew her fate either way if she survived through the annex, she still would not be the same. She could not escape this injustice no matter what she tried.Her life became defined by this injustice her world revolved aro und this injustice and she could never escape its grip. She was Jewish no matter what. And because of her heritage, this injustice would never leave her. An injustice can be used throughout a literary work. Unfortunately, injustices manifest into the real world to excrete pain and suffering on its victims. The Diary of Anne Frank illuminates the tragic affects of what an injustice can do to a person. She tried to survive against the odds, but it proved to be purposeless because she died when Hitler proclaimed the Jews inferior.